I think the most you can use is the "Execute before"/"Execute after" options in Project Options > Compiler Options > Compiler Commands.
You can simply specify the command line to call your compiler, like "gcc main.c".
There's also a command for the compiler itself, but it seems to be specific to FPC (just another path/version). I sometimes use it to specify a trunk compiler for a test project without changing the IDE's options.
Otherwise, Lazarus seems to be tailored for Pascal - from the project file itself to all the possible specific options and much more...
Theoretically, packages could be written to extend the capabilities (Source Editor completion/hints, a different compiler, and run method), but this no has practical value - there are other editors/IDEs for that.