The problem is related to resources. The thing is that ...res\mipmap-... contains images in PNG format, but they should be WEBP...
(It is possible that some older projects also do not compile due to resource reasons).
Until LAMW provides a mechanism for either converting PNG to WEBP, or at least PNG will not be automatically written to ...rc\mipmap..., then I simply deleted PNG from these folders, and instead of the standard ones I placed the icons I needed.
After this, the project was able to be compiled and run in the emulator.
However, the window began to be positioned horizontally at any screen position. I had to explicitly specify the window position ("ssSensor" does not work):
procedure TAndroidModule1.AndroidModule1JNIPrompt(Sender: TObject);
begin
Self.SetScreenOrientationStyle(ssPortrait);
end;