Yes. I2C is a bus protocol which allows several devices to intercommunicate. It would be best if both the RPi and 328's operate at the same voltage (3.3V), however this is not necessary. Connect the pullups to the RPi 3.3V. Picking the correct pullup resistors is somewhat important, typically 2 - 4.7 kOhm should work.
You can get more details on I2C in the
I2C specification and user manual.
PS: Remember to use different slave addresses for the 328s