Rather than going to another computer you could first reset your configuration folder where the IDE stores all its settings. Obviously something strange has krept in, usually by user interaction which is forgotten later (very typical for me...; I do not believe that the Lazarus/FPC binaries have become defective). Go to "View" > "IDE Internals" > "About IDE" and find the name of the config folder in the line "Primary config directory". Close the IDE and rename this folder. Restart the IDE which will use default settings now (in order words: all your own settings, installed components etc will be gone; there may be an error message that installed component sources cannot be found - this is clear because the IDE now does not know them). Now install your new stringgrid - it should work, well, it MUST work... (If it does work reinstate your old settings, possibly one by one so that you can find out which one caused the issue).
If it does not work you still can create a separate Lazarus installation independent of your old one. You seem to be on Windows, and here you can select "Create a new secondary installation" on the 2nd page of the installer; in the "Select configuration folder" specify a name for a new config directory (the one that you renamed in the previous paragraph) - select a new empty folder so that both installations remain separate. And remove the checkmarks from all options for registration file types with Windows. Now you have a completely independent Lazarus installation - I have more than a dozen of them...