Are you referring to the chapter written by Jörg Braun? He is the author of a series of articles in the no-longer existing German journal "Toolbox" in which he presented a Delphi component named TSerial.
Beyond the fact that TSerial is Windows-only I think TSerial and synaser are pretty much the same. This latter is cross-platform and definitely works with Lazarus, I doubt whether TSerial can be used with Lazarus out of the box (of course, it can after some modifications).
From the transfer of an old Delphi project to Lazarus and switching from TSerial to synaser I remember that it is advantageous to run synaser in a separate thread. IIRC, TSerial has this built-in.
The advantage of TSerial is that, if you have a copy of these old articles (and speak German), you get a good documentation of the component (if you need them contact me by PM, and I'll try to find them). The documentation of synaser is... well, let me call it positively: "open-source standard". But on the other hand again, you'll get excellent support for synaser here in this forum because it is a wide-spread library.