Hi CLA,
1. By default I suggest you to use SQLite because it is simpler. You only have to put a DLL file in your app's folder.
But if you have plan to put the database file in a shared folder (so it could be accessed by more than one instance of your application at the same time) then Access is the way to go. I would recommend MDB rather than ACCDB if this is the case, simply because I know old systems using MDB in shared folder that have run since before 2000 until now without major problems.
2. If the calculation only using values from the database, then do it on the database (if it is easy to do with SQL). And apply taazz's suggestions.
Additionaly, let me suggest you to use Zeos (
http://sourceforge.net/projects/zeoslib/) as the database access library, which is somewhat easier to use than Lazarus' SQLdb.