The matrix on the left is for the font/chars definitions, to create custom characters. It generates a string that can be used in TBCLeaAlgoDisplay.InitCharDefs (file bcleaalgodisplay.pas).
The second field is for creating the algorithm graphics by using the predefined font. If you take a look at the TBCLeaAlgoDisplay.InitCharDefs, you'll see how the graphic tiles are mapped to numbers/letters. You can generate a string that can be used in untalgos.pas to define a whole graphic (algorithm).
The file untalgos.pas in the test directory contains the ready-to-use algos, that you can preview with the sliders.
It is somehow like C64-style graphics - overwrite the font with graphic tiles, and use them to generate the whole picture.