It is supported, of course, but only from the main thread. TextOut uses the native Android text drawing APIs, which are accessed via JNI. Any kind of JNI call from a non-registered thread will necessarely crash. The JNI pointers are invalid in other thread. You could call AttachCurrentThread, but the LCL code is not prepared to use another JNI pointer which it would receive.
So you have various options:
1> Call text drawing routines in a Synchronize call, which will make it run in the main thread. The rest of the drawing routines are non-native, so they should work fine in the secondary thread.
or
2> Draw the text using LazFreeType which is non-native, see here:
http://wiki.lazarus.freepascal.org/LazFreeTypeor
3> Send a patch or open a bug report for adding support via a define in CustomDrawn-Android for using LazFreeType instead of the native text drawing APIs. LazFreeType has more changes of working in secondary threads although I never tested it. It shouldn't be a hard task, but is not a huge priority for me.