As a Newbie of Linux and its package loading procedure...
This has nothing to do with Linux package loading: Just unzip the snapshot downloaded from the ccr page (link given above) into the same directory where your old FPSpreadsheet had been. To check that you have the newest version, you could load the file fpSpreadsheetChart and check whether you find a function Mantisse(x: Double): Double. If you don't you still have the old version.
And just to make sure that the modified units are compile you should rebuild the IDE: "Tools" > "Configure Build Lazarus" > check "Clean all" and "Switch to automatic after building" > "Build". Not absolutely necessary but this is one of the most effective ways to get up-to-date compiled units.