install pangocairo-dev-package?
maybe this helps: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/47097976/installing-pango-cairo-on-windows-10-x64
If I'm correct I need to install all asked libraries on my real target platform and copy them back to C:\LazarusIDE\cross\lib\aarch64-linux on my windows machine?
Correct. To link for Linux (or macOS or essentially any *nix) you need to have the libraries in question for the target available on the host system (that's because the ways libraries are linked to executables is slightly different between *nix and e.g. Windows).