I don't know that much about android, but as a Unix system, how it should work is that these external exceptions trigger a signal. Sysutils then just registers signal handlers that catch these signals and turns them into exceptions.
The signals cought are: SIGINT,SIGFPE,SIGSEGV,SIGILL,SIGBUS,SIGQUIT
So my guess is that either android may use additional signals, that are not covered by sysutils (in which case I would consider this a reportable bug), or android uses another mechanism to crash that does not go through signals.
In any way, a concrete example would be nice on the kind of error that cannot be cought, to check what android does in that situation. If it's just another signal type, this should be easily fixable.
PS: you don't need sysutils in every unit, having it once in your project is fully enough