Could you prepare a little demo project which shows the issue and upload it here? (only .lpr, lpr, lfm and .pas files packed into a common zip, no exe and other compiler-generated files). I doubt that the issue has anything to do with the screen resolution.
Just to make sure that LCL scaling is not involved: Your two screenshots have the same font sizes; therefore I guess that your two monitors have the same pixels-per-inch settings. Correct? If not is LCL scaling active (checkbox "Use LCL scaling (High DPI)" in "Project" > "Project options"?