Also important is for me to know that Pascal calls them 'Character Strings' rather than just 'Characters', and 'Control Strings' rather than 'Control Characters'. The nomenclature is important when trying to comprehend a new language/development system.
Yes, it's important, so dont be misguided
When the docs talk of "character Strings" they meant exactly that: strings made up of characters ... even it it's just one!
And "control string" refers, again, exactly to that: the string in the source code used to represent a character by its code, so e.g.
#27 is a three-char
control string representing,
in the source, a single character <Esc>.
Note that while fairly exact and complete, FPC and Lazarus documentation isn't written by native English speakers nor paid technical writers, so despite all their care you'll find sometimes some expressions which are not quite
kosher in normal English usage. Just try to understand the underlying meaning (it's usually very easy) and keep going on.
Or, if you feel you found an egregious error, log a bug against the documentation with the correct wording/information and feel proud of participating in an free/open source project