Notepad++ tells me that this file is an ANSI file. Playing with the encoding provided by Notepad++ I get "chinese-looking" characters for encoding "chinese/GB2312" - sorry I am European, and do not know anything about this...
The problem seems to me that Lazarus does not support this encoding. So, you only can continue with Lazarus if you make sure that files are directly written in UTF8, or you must convert the ANSI files to UTF8, for example by loading them into NotePad++ and converting them to UTF8. Then the Chinese files can be read without issues (see screenshot below):
procedure TForm1.Button2Click(Sender: TObject);
var
L: TStrings;
begin
L := TStringList.Create;
try
L.LoadFromFile('text-utf8.txt');
Label2.Caption := L[0];
finally
L.Free;
end;
end;