Thanks johnf for answering, but I'm not happy. I red your post in the wiki mentioned above. That only says (maybe only to me) what I already know: something sh..t around the transaction handling, but don't know what.
when I open a transation, and run a query, in the dbgrid appears the columnnames at the label row, and an empty record (but there aren't the data rows the table contents). When "transaction.active:=false;" the label row, and the empty record disappers.
If this database connection is working for anybody, the only conclusion is: "I made something wrong". It isn't amazing 'cause this fourty try are my first with the lazarus. The freepascal examples of postgres -e.g. testpg1.pp- are working normally, so the connection is OK. I am the admin of the postgres server, and every try was performed as "postgres" database superuser.
If you would be so kind to analyze my app(????) I could send you a complete postgres config, dbdump, and the application, what could be the problem?